Last updated: March 2026
Types of Hardwood Flooring
Solid hardwood is the traditional choice — 3/4" thick boards of solid wood, typically tongue-and-groove, nailed or stapled to a plywood subfloor. Popular domestic species include white oak, red oak, hickory, and maple. Solid hardwood can be sanded and refinished multiple times over its 100+ year lifespan.
Engineered hardwood features a real wood veneer (typically 2-6mm) bonded to multiple plywood layers. This construction makes it more dimensionally stable than solid wood — it resists expansion and contraction from humidity changes. Engineered hardwood can be installed below grade, over concrete, and with radiant heat systems where solid hardwood cannot.
Common width options include 2-1/4" strip, 3-1/4" plank, 5" wide plank, and 7"+ wide plank. Wider boards show more grain character and create a more open, modern look. Narrower boards are more traditional and create less waste because there are fewer cuts at the walls.
Hardwood Installation Methods
Nail-down installation is the gold standard for solid hardwood over plywood subfloors. A pneumatic floor nailer drives cleats through the tongue at a 45-degree angle. This creates the most secure, long-lasting bond and allows the floor to expand and contract naturally. Requires a plywood or OSB subfloor at least 3/4" thick.
Glue-down installation works for both solid and engineered hardwood, especially over concrete. A flooring adhesive bonds the boards directly to the subfloor. This method is quieter underfoot and provides excellent stability. The subfloor must be flat, dry, and clean for proper adhesion.
Floating installation is primarily used for engineered hardwood with click-lock edges. Boards connect to each other but aren't fastened to the subfloor. This is the easiest DIY method and works over most existing floors. An underlayment pad is required for sound dampening and moisture protection.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much does hardwood flooring cost?
Solid hardwood flooring costs $6-12 per square foot for materials, plus $4-6/sq ft for professional installation. Total installed cost ranges from $10-18/sq ft. Exotic species (Brazilian cherry, teak) run higher at $12-20/sq ft. Engineered hardwood is slightly less at $5-10/sq ft installed.
Solid hardwood vs engineered hardwood?
Solid hardwood is 3/4" thick solid wood that can be refinished many times and lasts 100+ years. Engineered hardwood has a real wood veneer over plywood layers — it's more dimensionally stable and can be installed below grade or over radiant heat. Engineered is less expensive and can typically be refinished 1-3 times.
How long should hardwood acclimate?
Hardwood flooring should acclimate in the installation room for 48-72 hours minimum. Stack boards with spacers between them so air circulates. The room should be at normal living temperature and humidity. Acclimation allows the wood to reach equilibrium with the room's moisture level, preventing gaps or buckling after installation.
What is the best hardwood for high traffic?
Hickory and Brazilian cherry (Jatoba) have the highest Janka hardness ratings — 1820 and 2350 respectively — making them most resistant to dents and scratches. White oak (1360) is the most popular choice offering good durability with beautiful grain. Red oak (1290) is slightly softer but widely available and affordable.
Can hardwood be installed in kitchens?
Yes, hardwood can be installed in kitchens, but it requires extra care. Wipe up spills immediately, use mats near sinks, and maintain proper humidity. Many homeowners choose engineered hardwood or waterproof finishes for kitchen installations. Avoid solid hardwood in bathrooms or laundry rooms where standing water is common.
How much waste should I plan for with hardwood?
Plan for 10% waste with a straight installation pattern. Diagonal installation increases waste to 15%, and herringbone adds 20%. If your rooms have many closets, hallways, or irregular shapes, add another 2-3%. Always keep a few extra boards for future repairs — matching stain and grain later is difficult.